• assignment
• input/output (cin and cout)
• if
• if . . . else
• for
• while
• do . . . while
• switch

Each of these statements can be used anywhere a <statement> is allowed. When you see the template for the general form of a statement, it usually indicates where statements are allowed. Here is the general form of the if . . . else statement:

if (<boolean condition>)
  <statement>
else
  <statement>