This section provides a place to declare variables
A variable is a symbolic name for a memory location in the computer (remember the assembly language example, it used names like
[bp-2] to represent a variable)
Declaring variables "up front" informs the compiler of your intentions; what you have named a particular memory location, what type of data you plan to store there, and its initial value, if any
C++ variables are a lot like the variables you used in algebra; their values can be changed at any time, hence, their name
You can also declare symbolic constants; these are different from variables in that their values never change;
Example:
// PI never changes (and rightly so!)
const float PI = 3.1415;
const int DAYS_IN_WEEK = 7;